Structure has too many/overlapping atoms

If your structure seems to have too many atoms in the unit cell, this could be because the symmetry has not been correctly set, or perhaps your structure is disordered.

  1. Incorrect spacegroup and/or origin setting
    Your first task should be to ensure that the symmetry has been entered correctly. Usually this will be in the form of a spacegroup symbol that CrystalMaker can interpret (e.g., "F d -3 m"). Note that some spacegroup symbols are ambiguous, because they don't uniquely specify an origin choice. In these cases you may just need to check whether origin setting 1 or 2 is to be used.

    To change the origin setting for a spacegroup it's generally easiest to use the Spacegroups Browser: choose the Edit > Structure command to display the Crystal Editor window, then click the Browse button to the right of the Spacegroup field. You can display all conventional (and unconventional) settings, and you should see that some spacegroups are listed with multiple origin settings.

    If your structure has been loaded from a text file (e.g., a CIF file), then chances are that CrystalMaker will have used the general equivalent positions listed in the file. These are unambiguous, and are much safer to use than relying on a text string to specify the spacegroup symbol.

  2. Duplicate Atoms
    Sometimes a structure is specified with too many sites. This could be because the atom list contains more atoms than is needed (for the asymmetric unit), or because there is no other way to specify the presence of different element types disordered over the same positions in the unit cell.

    CrystalMaker will normally warn you about duplicate sites, but it might be an issue if you are importing data from a text file. In this case, the best option is simply to identify which sites are duplicate (you can use the Atom Inspector's Vis checkboxes to turn sites on or off), then delete them using the Edit > Structure command, or by selecting one site and pressing the Delete key on your keyboard.

  3. Split Sites
    Many structures are refined with so-called "split sites". Here, two or more closely-separated (or even overlapping) atoms are used to represent a single site.

    Now, the real structure doesn't have multiple atoms on top of each other - but it probably has some kind of positional disorder. This could be static (e.g., some atoms are off-centred to the left, whilst others are off-centred to the right - as in some ferroelectric materials such as barium titanate), or dynamical - where lattice vibrations mean that an atom's precise position can't be easily defined and instead, several "dummy atoms" are used to indicate a range of positions.

    You may wish to merge the split sites back together (as described below), or alternatively, you might opt to hide some of the sites - using the Site Browser's Vis checkboxes, or by selecting certain atoms and choosing Hide.

Merging Split Sites

Let's assume that you've verified that all your input data are correct, including the symmetry, and that your structure shows genuine disorder. You have split sites, possibly with overlapping atoms, and you want to somehow replot the structure showing a more idealized representation.

You can "merge" the split sites back together by replacing them with a single site, using the Transform > Selection > Merge command.